Avoiding Home Fires and Carbon Monoxide: Winter Warnings from CPSC

As winter weather continues to blanket the nation, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) [1] and the United States Fire Administration (USFA) [2] are urging consumers to play it safe to avoid home fires [3].

According to USFA, instances of home fires spike in winter months. Cooking and home heating are the leading causes of residential building fires during the winter. The risk of fires also increases with the use of supplemental heating, such as space heaters [4].

CPSC estimates that home heating was associated with an average of 33,300 fires and 180 fire deaths per year from 2005 to 2007.

Another serious threat in winter months is carbon monoxide (CO) [5], otherwise known as the “invisible killer” because it’s an odorless, colorless and poisonous gas. Any fuel-burning appliances in the home, including furnaces and fireplaces [6], are a potential CO source.

Since 1999, there has been an increasing trend in unintentional, non-fire CO deaths associated with consumer products – the majority of which have been associated with heating systems and portable generators. CPSC staff estimates there were 184 CO poisoning deaths on average per year from 2005-2007 compared to 122 deaths per year from 1999-2001.

Smoke and carbon monoxide alarms [7] are an important line of defense in the home, and they give consumers valuable escape time. About two-thirds of fire deaths occur in homes with no smoke alarms, or in homes where consumers have removed the alarm's batteries or where the batteries are dead. Recently, there were tragic deaths in homes where alarms could have made a difference:

• In Citra, Fla., a fire killed five children on November 8. Their home did not have smoke alarms.
• In Penfield, N.Y., a 54-year-old man died of CO poisoning in November. Prior to his death, the home's CO alarms reportedly beeped and were removed from the house.

CPSC and USFA recommend that in addition to having working smoke and CO alarms, consumers should follow these safety tips to prevent fires and CO poisoning:

• Place space heaters on a floor that is flat and level.
• Do not put space heaters on rugs or carpets.
• Keep space heaters at least three feet from bedding, drapes, furniture, and other flammable materials.
• Place space heaters out of the flow of foot traffic.
• Keep children and pets away from space heaters.
• To prevent the risk of fire, NEVER leave a space heater on when you go to sleep or place a space heater close to any sleeping person.
• Turn your space heater off when you leave the area.
• Never use gasoline in a kerosene space heater. Even small amounts of gasoline mixed with kerosene can increase the risk of a fire.
• Have fireplace flues and chimneys inspected for leakage and blockage from creosote or debris every year.
• Open the fireplace damper before lighting a fire, and keep it open until the ashes are cool. An open damper may help prevent build-up of poisonous gases inside the home.
• Store fireplace ashes in a fire-resistant container, and cover the container with a lid. Keep the container outdoors and away from combustibles.
• Dispose of fireplace ashes carefully, keeping them away from dry leaves, trash or other combustible materials.

Preventing CO Poisoning

• Schedule a yearly professional inspection [8] of all fuel-burning home heating systems, including furnaces, boilers, fireplaces, wood stoves, water heaters, chimneys, flues and vents.
• NEVER operate a portable gasoline-powered generator in an enclosed space, such as a garage, shed, or crawlspace, or in the home.
• Keep portable generators as far away from your home and your neighbors' homes as possible - away from open doors, windows or vents that could allow deadly carbon monoxide into the home.
• When purchasing a space heater, ask the salesperson whether the heater has been safety-certified. A certified heater will have a safety certification mark. These heaters will have the most up-to-date safety features. An unvented gas space heater that meets current safety standards will shut off if oxygen levels fall too low.
• Do not use portable propane space heaters indoors or in any confined space, unless they are designed specifically for indoor use. Always follow the manufacturer's directions for proper use.
• Never use gas or electric stoves to heat the home [9]. They are not intended for that purpose and can pose a CO or fire hazard.

More information can be found in CPSC's Safety Alert, Reducing Fire Hazards for Portable Electric Heaters [10].